home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Okay, here goes with a neutral glossary of amateur packet radio terms.
-
- ARPA Suite - the set of protocols standardized by the Advanced Research
- Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense. Includes TCP and IP as
- elements, but leaves the lower levels (subnetwork and down) deliberately
- unspecified; the ARPA suite can be run on top of multiple subnetworks,
- unifying them into a single Internet.
-
- ASLIP - Asynchronous Serial Line (usually just called SLIP). A technique
- for encoding IP datagrams so they can be sent across ordinary asynchronous
- modems and communications hardware.
-
- CLNS - Connectionless Network Service (see connectionless, datagram).
-
- CMU/MIT PC/IP - one of the public domain packages that implement the ARPA
- protocols on the IBM PC and its clones.
-
- connectionless - refers to a packet protocol or service that does not
- have the concept of a "connection". Packets may be sent at will, without
- prior arrangement or need for connection setup/teardown procedures.
-
- connection-oriented - refers to a protocol or service that requires that
- a logical or virtual "connection" first be established with a special
- procedure before data can be sent. Another procedure is used to "tear
- down" the connection when it is no longer needed.
-
- CONS - Connection Oriented Network Service (see connection-oriented, virtual
- circuit).
-
- COSI - Connection-oriented Open Systems Interconnect. A project of W2VY
- and N2DSY to implement for amateur packet radio use the
- connection-oriented protocols published by the International Standards
- Organization (ISO) and the International Consultative Committee for
- Telephony and Telegraphy (CCITT). (OSI protocols include both
- connection-oriented and connectionless flavors, hence the inclusion of
- the qualifier "connection-oriented" in the name). The COSI software is
- presently under development.
-
- datagram - Information packets in a connectionless environment.
- Datagrams are completely self-contained as far as the network is
- concerned. The information needed to get each datagram to its
- destination (including, but not limited to, full source and destination
- addresses) is carried in each datagram.
-
- DDN Protocol Suite (Defense Data Network Protocol Suite). See ARPA
- Protocol Suite.
-
- duplex digi - like a simplex digi, except that different receive and transmit
- frequencies are used. Allows simultaneous reception and transmission.
-
- Gateway - a very general term for anything that connects two networks
- together. In the ARPA world, "gateway" has a much more specific meaning:
- a packet switch that handles IP datagrams.
-
- IP - Internet Protocol. The core protocol of the ARPA suite. IP is aΩsimple connectionless (datagram) protocol that handles addressing,
- fragmentation and type-of service routing in the heterogeneous
- internetwork environment.
-
- IS - Intermediate System. ISO's term for a packet switch.
-
- ISO - International Standards Organization. Publishes specifications for
- everything from screw threads to computer communication protocols. Also,
- International Snake Oi...oops, promised to keep things neutral. :-)
-
- KA9Q Internet - name for a C software package developed by KA9Q with
- programming contributions from N3EUA, K3MC, NG6Q, WA3CVG, PA0GRI, NN2Z,
- WB6ECE, AJ9X, K4FUM, N9DVG, K3EZ and probably some others I've
- overlooked. Implements the major elements of the ARPA protocol suite:
- IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, Telnet, FTP, SMTP and ARP. Also implements
- subnetwork drivers for SLIP, KISS, AX.25, Ethernet and Appletalk.
- Primary environment is the IBM PC (and clones), but has been ported to
- 68K-based machines like the Commodore Amiga and Apple Macintosh, also to
- UNIX System 5 environments. Sources, objects and documentation are
- available for anonymous ftp from louie.udel.edu under /pub/ka9q.
-
- KISS - Keep It Simple, Stupid. A TNC operating mode where the TNC merely
- translates packets between half duplex, synchronous HDLC on the radio
- port and full duplex asynchronous SLIP framing on the host port; the
- host computer must implement all higher level protocols, including AX.25
- if it is used. Gives the host computer full access to and control over
- all fields in each packet. Compensates for the lack of a HDLC hardware
- controller on many computers.
-
- NET/ROM - A proprietary product of Software 2000, Inc (WA8DED and W6IXU).
- Consists of ROM firmware for the TNC-2. Implements AX.25 at the link layer,
- with ad-hoc protocols at the network and transport layer. Also provides
- a command interpreter and "transport level bridge" that patches incoming
- or outgoing vanilla AX.25 connections to internal transport layer
- connections. Uses datagrams at the network layer, virtual circuits at the
- transport layer. Provides automatic routing between NET/ROM nodes, the user
- is still responsible for "source routing" between the end NET/ROM nodes and
- the ultimate source and destination.
-
- OSI - Open Systems Interconnect. A project of the ISO to develop a set of
- computer communications protocols.
-
- PAD - Packet Assembler/Disassembler. A device that interfaces an ordinary
- "dumb" terminal to an X.25 packet network. It gathers typed characters
- into outgoing packets and translates incoming packets back into serial
- asynchronous data streams. Also provides a simple command interpreter for
- setting up and tearing down connections, controlling parameters, etc.
- The amateur packet radio TNC was heavily modeled on the PAD.
-
- PTT - Postal, Telephone and Telegraph authority. The government-owned
- phone monopoly found in almost every country except the USA.
-
- RFC - Request for Cmments. Memoranda published in electronic form by the
- ARPA Network Information Center. Documents everything from informal proposals
- to established standards.Ω
- Router - Yet another term for a packet switch. Used by Xerox's XNS and
- Digital's DECNET, two proprietary networking protocol suites very
- similar to (but incompatible with) the ARPA suite (and with each other).
-
- simplex digi - a regenerative digital repeater that receives a packet,
- verifies that it was received correctly, and (if appropriate) retransmits
- it on the same frequency it was received on.
-
- TCP - Transmission Control Protocol. A major element of the ARPA Suite.
- Provides reliable, connection-oriented byte stream service on an end-to-end
- basis. Runs atop IP and sits at the transport and session layers.
-
- TELNET - A presentation/application protocol in the ARPA Suite used for
- terminal to terminal and terminal to host communications (e.g., remote
- login).
-
- TP4 - An element of the ISO OSI suite. A transport protocol that provides
- reliable, connection-oriented byte stream service on an end-to-end
- basis, analogous to TCP in the ARPA suite.
-
- VC - virtual circuit. The service provided by a connection-oriented network
- (qv). Virtual circuit data packets generally carry less header information
- than datagrams, since addresses have been specified at connection setup
- time.
-
- wideband packet - Anything faster than 1200 baud. Generally refers to operation
- at 56kbps with modems designed by WA4DSY.
-
- W0RLI - Hank Orelson, W0RLI, author of a very widely used packet
- bulletin board.
-
- X.25 - A CCITT standard protocol for the subscriber interface to a public
- packet switched network. Consists of two layers, link (level 2) and packet
- (level 3). The amateur AX.25 protocol is a highly modified version of just
- the link layer of X.25; it does not have a packet layer.
-
- X.75 - A CCITT standard protocol for the interface between two separate
- public packet switched networks. Resembles X.25 in considerable detail.
-
-
-